Figure 2. Directional incoherence. High-level feature (c) has
strong semantics and large receptive fields but captures the coarse
orientation. Forexample,from(c)wecanonlyinferthattheobject
lieshorizontally. Yetmanydown-samplingsblurspatialdetails, so
the orientation signal is low-frequency and vague. Low-level fea-
ture (b) keeps rich edges, corners, and textures, giving clear and
high-frequency orientation cues.